Call us: 0800 843 752Free shipping for orders $150 or over
Gift Vouchers

phormium tenax flax

Phormium tenax flax, also known as New Zealand flax or harakeke, is a striking native plant that is universally recognised for its sword-like foliage and graceful, upright form. A staple of New Zealand gardens, Phormium tenax flax is as tough as it is beautiful, thriving in a variety of conditions with minimal maintenance. Whether you’re designing a native garden, looking for a low-care landscaping plant, or seeking a unique specimen for a bold architectural statement, Phormium tenax flax offers adaptability, texture, and enduring colour. This legendary flax has been valued for centuries, not only for its ornamental appeal, but also for its historic cultural significance and practical uses.

Phormium tenax

5 from 2 customers

Phormium tenax, commonly known as the NZ flax or Harakeke, is a flax plant that produces erect, green, sword-like leaves. Stems rise above the foliage in summer to bear twisted-looking flowers that result in black seed pods in autumn, and the nectar produced by the flowers attracts both birds and butterflies. Harakeke grows as a clump to about 2 m tall and the same wide, performing best when planted in full sun on a well-drained site. It is a popular landscape option that is also often used to contrast with other plant colours. Mass planting on a bank not only provides an outstanding display but is also excellent for helping to stabilise the soil.

Phormium tenax plant in a garden with green foliage.
  • Suited to regions:
    All regions
  • Plant type:
    Flaxes
  • Height:
    2.00 m
  • Spread:
    2.00 m
  • Flowering time:
    Summer
  • Tolerances:
    Coastal, Extended dry periods, Hardy, Wet, Wind
  • Garden uses:
    Banks, Living areas, Parks, Ponds, Pool areas, Specimen
  • Garden styles:
    Architectural, Backyard, City & Courtyard, Coastal, Frontyard, Japanese, Mediterranean, Modern, Native, Riparian
Phormium 'Green Dwarf' flax plant in a native garden with Oioi plants.
Most Popular

Phormium 'Green Dwarf'

Phormium 'Green Dwarf', also known as Dwarf Green Flax, is a compact, tidy New Zealand flax cultivar with lush, bright green, strap-like leaves. It...

From$16.13
Phormium 'Emerald Gem' in a native garden.
Most Popular

Phormium 'Emerald Gem'

Phormium 'Emerald Gem' is a dwarf variety of Mountain Flax or Wharariki. It produces emerald-green leaves and grows to 60 cm tall and 70 cm wide in...

From$18.23
A large Phormium 'Jester' plant with colourful foliage.
Most Popular

Phormium 'Jester'

Phormium 'Jester' is a showy variety of Flax that produces leaves that are striped with a broad, pink central band and a dark purple border. This...

From$20.93
Phormium 'Rainbow Red' red and purple striped foliage.
Most Popular

Phormium 'Rainbow Red'

Phormium 'Rainbow Red' is a vibrant New Zealand native flax admired for its bold, arching leaves in shades of bronze, red, and pink. This striking...

From$117.09
Phormium 'Surfer' plants in pots for sale at The Plant Company nursery.
Most Popular

Phormium 'Surfer'

Phormium 'Surfer' is a compact New Zealand native flax admired for its striking green leaves edged with bronze and red tones. Its upright, arching...

From$18.23
dianella-revoluta-kentlyn--2
Most Popular

Dianella Kentlyn

Dianella Kentlyn is a variety of the commonly known, Flax Lily, produces upright, strap-like leaves which are a rich, dark green with a blue...

From$16.13
phormium-stripy-mist-
Most Popular

Phormium 'Stripy Mist'

Phormium Stripy Mist is a popular NZ native dwarf flax that features striking green leaves with a chocolate brown centre. It grows as a very tidy...

From$20.93
A large Phormium 'Dark Delight' plant with elegant, purple foliage.
Most Popular

Phormium 'Dark Delight'

Phormium 'Dark Delight', also known as Dark Purple Flax, is a bold New Zealand native flax prized for its broad, upright leaves in deep purple to...

From$20.93
dianella-blaze-
Most Popular

Dianella Blaze

Dianella Blaze features broad and gently arching, bronze-purple leaves that are very showy. It typically grows to 70 cm tall and the same wide...

From$16.13
Large Astelia chathamica in a garden with silver flax-like leaves.
Most Popular

Astelia chathamica (Chatham Island Astelia)

Astelia chathamica, commonly known as the Chatham Island Astelia or Kakaha, produces broad, erect, silver-green leaves. The leaves are held with a...

From$299.92
Phormium tenax

Did you find what you are looking for?

You might be interested in exploring Phormium or Flaxes.

Search Phormium tenax

Unique Features of Phormium tenax flax

One of the defining features of Phormium tenax flax is its robust, evergreen leaves which grow in fan-shaped clusters. The foliage ranges from rich green to deep bronze, creating visual interest year-round. During the warmer months, Phormium tenax flax sends up tall flower spikes covered in tubular red flowers that attract native birds like tui and bellbird, further enhancing biodiversity in your garden.

Phormium tenax flax is a reliably hardy plant, tolerating wind, coastal exposure, wet soils, and even periods of drought. Its extensive root system makes it ideal for stabilising banks or preventing erosion, making it not only a beautiful but invaluable addition to New Zealand landscapes.

Landscaping and Garden Uses

The versatility of Phormium tenax flax cannot be overstated. It suits everything from formal garden borders to large-scale native revegetation projects. Its upright form provides strong structure and contrast, especially when paired with plants like Dianella Blue Twist, Astelia 'Westland', or the compact Phormium 'Green Dwarf'. For gardeners seeking a dramatic flair, consider mixing Phormium tenax flax with coloured cultivars such as Phormium 'Evening Glow' or Phormium 'Jester' for vibrant foliage displays.

Phormium tenax flax works brilliantly as a specimen plant, in mixed beds, or as a bold screen along fences and driveways. Its resilience makes it a perfect choice for both rural and urban environments, and its low maintenance requirements are perfect for busy gardeners or public spaces.

Traditional Uses and Sustainability

Historically, Phormium tenax flax has played a central role in Māori culture, used for weaving mats, baskets, ropes, and clothing. Its fibres are incredibly strong and flexible, making harakeke an eco-friendly option for sustainable craftwork and garden projects.

Caring for Phormium tenax flax

Phormium tenax flax is one of the easiest natives to grow. Simply plant in well-draining soil and water in the first season to establish. After that, routine care is minimal—just remove old leaves at the base to keep your plant looking tidy. If you’re keen on exploring smaller or more colourful flax varieties, take a look at Phormium 'Emerald Gem', Phormium 'Surfer', Phormium 'Taya' (Taya Flax), and Dianella 'Sea Spray'.

Phormium tenax flax is a classic plant, full of personality and practical benefits, making it a top choice for New Zealand gardens and landscaping projects.


Contact us

Whether you need assistance finding the plant you’re looking for or you simply want to know more about who we are and what we do, we invite you to get in touch with us today. A member of The Plant Company team will get back in touch as soon as possible.

–The Plant Company

Explore Garden Inspiration

Sign up to receive a free $10 Voucher You won’t be bombarded with emails, just titbits of quality information from time to time Sign up
Free shipping on orders over $150!

Join our community of happy customers.

4.8

445 Google reviews