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common flax

Common flax, also known by its Maori name harakeke, is one of New Zealand’s most celebrated native plants. Known scientifically as Phormium tenax, this distinctive flax has long, sword-shaped leaves and striking flower spikes that make it a feature plant in gardens, landscaping, and natural reserves across the country. Not only is common flax admired for its architectural foliage and resilience, but it's also appreciated for its ecological importance and traditional uses among Maori communities. Gardeners searching for a reliable, hardy option for low-maintenance landscapes will find that common flax stands out with its year-round structure and adaptability.

Phormium cookianum

4.5 from 2 customers

Phormium cookianum, commonly known as Mountain Flax or Wharariki, is a graceful New Zealand native valued for its arching green leaves and tall flower spikes. It typically grows 1–1.5 metres tall and wide, making it ideal for borders, mass plantings, or coastal gardens.

Suited to regions: All regions
Plant type: Flaxes
Height: 1.50 m
Spread: 1.50 m
Flowering time: Summer
Tolerances: Coastal, Extended dry periods, Hardy, Wet, Wind
Garden uses: Banks, Living areas, Ponds
Garden styles: Backyard, City & Courtyard, Coastal, Frontyard, Modern, Native, Riparian
Phormium tenax plant in a garden with green foliage.

Phormium tenax

5 from 2 customers

Phormium tenax, commonly known as the NZ flax or Harakeke, is a flax plant that produces erect, green, sword-like leaves. Stems rise above the foliage in summer to bear twisted-looking flowers that result in black seed pods in autumn, and the nectar produced by the flowers attracts both birds and butterflies.

Suited to regions: All regions
Plant type: Flaxes
Height: 2.00 m
Spread: 2.00 m
Flowering time: Summer
Tolerances: Coastal, Extended dry periods, Hardy, Wet, Wind
Garden uses: Banks, Living areas, Parks, Ponds, Pool areas, Specimen
Garden styles: Architectural, Backyard, City & Courtyard, Coastal, Frontyard, Japanese, Mediterranean, Modern, Native, Riparian
Phormium 'Rainbow Red' red and purple striped foliage.
Phormium 'Rainbow Red'

Phormium 'Rainbow Red' is a vibrant New Zealand native flax admired for its bold, arching leaves in shades of bronze, red, and pink. This striking...

From$249.95
phormium-pepe-
Phormium 'Pepe' (Dwarf Flax)

Phormium 'Pepe' is a compact New Zealand flax prized for its fine green foliage and neat mounding growth habit. This hardy evergreen provides year...

From$19.95
Phormium 'Surfer Bronze' plants for sale at The Plant Company nursery.
Phormium 'Surfer Bronze'

Phormium 'Surfer Bronze' is a compact and stylish New Zealand native flax with narrow, upright leaves in rich bronze tones. This striking ornamental...

From$14.95
Phormium 'Jack Spratt' plants for sale at The Plant Company nursery.
Phormium 'Jack Spratt'

Phormium 'Jack Spratt' is one of the smallest New Zealand native flax varieties, admired for its narrow, upright leaves in rich bronze to dark...

From$14.95
Phormium 'Surfer' plants in pots for sale at The Plant Company nursery.
Phormium 'Surfer'

Phormium 'Surfer' is a compact New Zealand native flax admired for its striking green leaves edged with bronze and red tones. Its upright, arching...

From$14.95
Phormium 'Green Dwarf' flax plant in a native garden with Oioi plants.
Phormium 'Green Dwarf'

Phormium 'Green Dwarf', also known as Dwarf Green Flax, is a compact, tidy New Zealand flax cultivar with lush, bright green, strap-like leaves. It...

From$8.50
Phormium 'Emerald Gem' in a native garden.
Phormium 'Emerald Gem'

Phormium 'Emerald Gem' is a dwarf variety of Mountain Flax or Wharariki. It produces emerald-green leaves and grows to 60 cm tall and 70 cm wide in...

From$8.50
Phormium 'Emerald Green' plants in a mixed planting.
Phormium 'Emerald Green'

Phormium 'Emerald Green' is a compact New Zealand flax valued for its rich emerald green foliage and tidy growth habit. This hardy evergreen provides...

From$14.95
phormium-veneer-
Phormium 'Veneer'

Phormium 'Veneer' is a striking NZ flax known for its upright, sword like leaves with rich bronze and green tones. This hardy evergreen adds bold...

From$14.95
Dianella tasmanica (Tasman Flax Lily) plants with green foliage and blue flowers.
Dianella tasmanica

Dianella tasmanica, commonly known as the Tasman Flax Lily, produces upright, strap-like leaves which are a rich, dark green and have a lush...

From$19.25
dianella-revoluta-kentlyn--2
Dianella 'Kentlyn'

Dianella 'Kentlyn' is a hardy evergreen flax lily valued for its graceful arching blue green foliage that provides year round colour and texture...

From$16.49
Callistemon 'Genoa Glory' shrub covered in pretty, red flowers.
Callistemon 'Genoa Glory' (Bottlebrush)

Callistemon 'Genoa Glory' is a striking bottlebrush variety known for its vivid crimson red flower spikes and lush evergreen foliage. Flowering from...

From$27.53
Callistemon 'Burgundy Jack' shrub with purple flowers.
Callistemon 'Burgundy Jack' (Bottlebrush)

Callistemon 'Burgundy Jack' is a striking bottlebrush renowned for its vivid burgundy red flower spikes and fine evergreen foliage. Blooming from...

From$27.53
Callistemon citrinus 'Red Cluster' small tree with masses of red, pendulous flowers.
Callistemon 'Red Cluster' (Red Bottlebrush)

Callistemon 'Red Cluster' is a striking bottlebrush variety valued for its clusters of vivid red flower spikes and dense evergreen foliage. Flowering...

From$37.19
A Sophora chathamica tree growing in a garden with green foliage.
Sophora chathamica

Sophora chathamica (Coastal Kōwhai) is a stunning New Zealand native tree known for its masses of bright yellow flowers that appear in early spring...

From$323.65
Sophora fulvida tree with masses of yellow flowers.
Sophora fulvida

Sophora fulvida (Southern Kōwhai) is a beautiful New Zealand native tree admired for its golden yellow flowers and fine green foliage. Flowering in...

From$169.24
taxodium-distichum-
Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress)

Taxodium distichum (Swamp Cypress) is a magnificent deciduous conifer admired for its soft feathery foliage, strong upright form, and spectacular...

From$387.55
Syzygium Resilience hedge.
Syzygium 'Resilience'

Syzygium 'Resilience', commonly known as Lilly Pilly 'Resilience', is a popular evergreen shrub valued for its glossy foliage, dense growth habit...

From$281.05
Arthropodium cirratum (Rengarenga) plants in flower with lush green foliage in a border garden.
Arthropodium cirratum (Rengarenga Lily)

Arthropodium cirratum, commonly known as Rengarenga Lily or New Zealand Rock Lily, is a clump-forming, evergreen perennial native to New Zealand. It...

From$9.95
Buxus sempervirens perfectly manicured balls.
Buxus sempervirens (Boxwood)

Buxus sempervirens, commonly known as English Box or Box Hedge, is a classic evergreen shrub popular in New Zealand for formal hedging and topiary...

From$12.95
Dodonaea viscosa small tree with green foliage.
Dodonaea viscosa (Green Ake Ake)

Dodonaea viscosa, commonly known as the Green Ake Ake, features lush, bright green leaves which are held densely off upright stems. The foliage is...

From$13.95
podocarpus-gracilior-
Podocarpus gracilior (African Fern Pine)

Podocarpus gracilior (Fern Pine) is an elegant evergreen tree valued for its fine textured foliage, graceful form, and versatility in the landscape...

From$270.40
Fagus sylvatica (European Beech) specimen tree with emerging green foliage.
Fagus sylvatica

Fagus sylvatica, commonly known as the Common Beech or European Beech, is a large, deciduous tree that grows with a broad, spreading crown. The...

From$192.51
Juncus edgariae (Wiwi) plants growing in a wetland.
Juncus edgariae (Edgar's Rush)

Juncus edgariae, commonly known as Wiwi, is the most prevalent species of Rush in New Zealand and grows as a tight clump with bright green, stem-like...

From$16.49
Artemisia 'Powis Castle' plants in a border with lush, grey foliage.
Artemisia 'Powis Castle' (Common Wormwood)

Artemisia 'Powis Castle' (Common Wormwood) is a popular evergreen shrub admired for its finely divided silver grey foliage and soft aromatic scent...

From$22.01
Dianella nigra plant with masses of blue berries.
Dianella nigra (New Zealand Blueberry)

Dianella nigra, commonly known as the New Zealand Blueberry or Tūrutu, is a NZ native that features lush foliage and glossy berries that vary in...

From$16.49
callisia-bubbles--3
Callisia repens

Callisia repens goes by several common names such as the Bubbles Plant, Turtle Vine, and Pin Panther Plant. The Turtle Vine is a very popular indoor...

From$24.95
turfix-lawn-herbicide-1
TURFIX

TURFIX is a common herbicide used to control the most common broadleaf weeds and clovers in new and established lawns. It will control Clover...

From$115.67
Naturally Neem Insecticide 200 ml container
Naturally Neem Insecticide

Neem insecticide is a powerful, natural solution to protect your garden from common pests while being safe for beneficial insects and the...

From$41.33
super-shield-rose-spray-1
Rose Spray

Super Shield Rose Spray is a multipurpose treatment for controlling common pests and diseases that affect roses. It targets problems including...

From$156.96

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You might be interested in exploring related Latin Names - Phormium, or related Categories - Flaxes.

Search common flax

What Sets Common Flax Apart?

Common flax is renowned for its tough, evergreen leaves that can reach up to 3 metres in length. As a robust native, it thrives in a variety of garden conditions—sunny or partially shaded, coastal, or even wet sites. The dramatic flower spikes appearing from late spring attract native birds such as tui and bellbirds, supporting biodiversity in your backyard. Over time, plants create clumps, offering natural shelter and erosion control, making them excellent choices for habitat restoration or as feature specimens in a home garden.

Growing and Caring for Common Flax

Planting common flax is a straightforward way to bring a touch of classic New Zealand to your landscape. This species prefers well-drained soil but will tolerate wetter conditions, making it ideal for tricky areas prone to occasional flooding. Once established, common flax copes well with drought and wind, requiring little maintenance apart from the occasional tidy-up of old foliage. Mulching in the first year helps retain soil moisture and suppress competing weeds. For those looking to expand their flax garden, Phormium tenax is available, along with stunning cultivars such as Phormium 'Spearmint' (Spearmint Flax), Phormium 'Moonraker' (Moonraker Flax), and Phormium 'Purple Haze' (Purple Flax Plant), each offering unique foliage colours and textures.

Versatile Uses of Common Flax

Beyond being a standout in the garden, common flax is famous for its historical and practical uses. Maori weavers traditionally harvest leaves to prepare fibre for weaving baskets, mats, or clothing—a testament to its strength and flexibility. Modern gardeners can use mature plants to create natural privacy screens or windbreaks. With its bold lines, common flax pairs well with other native and ornamental grasses, including Dianella Kentlyn, for a dynamic, textural planting scheme.

Create a Stunning New Zealand Garden

If you want to celebrate native beauty and bold foliage, incorporating common flax into your garden is a rewarding decision. Explore a diverse range of flaxes, from the unmistakable Phormium tenax to eye-catching cultivars like Phormium 'Spearmint' (Spearmint Flax) and Phormium 'Purple Haze' (Purple Flax Plant), and discover how easy it is to add texture, colour, and wildlife appeal to your outdoor space. Common flax is more than just a plant—it’s a cornerstone of New Zealand’s gardens and a link to our cultural roots.


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Whether you need assistance finding the plant you’re looking for or you simply want to know more about who we are and what we do, we invite you to get in touch with us today. A member of The Plant Company team will get back in touch as soon as possible.

Corokia 'Bronze King' and Stromanthe Triostar are popular for a reason, but it’s plants like Metrosideros robusta, Cercis 'Oklahoma', and Viburnum davidii (male) that create a truly unique garden.
–The Plant Company

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