Persimmon Tree Care Guide for New Zealand

Persimmon Trees In NZ

Persimmons, scientifically known as Diospyros kaki, are deciduous trees that are relatively easy to grow. Native to China, they have adapted well to various climates, including New Zealand’s. Persimmon trees are known for their glossy green leaves, which turn a stunning red-orange in autumn, and their bright orange fruit, which is both attractive and nutritious.

Common Varieties of Persimmon Trees in New Zealand

Several Persimmon varieties thrive in New Zealand’s climate, each offering unique flavours and growing habits. Popular types include the Fuyu and Hachiya, known for their sweet, juicy fruit and reliable performance in home gardens and orchards.

Fuyu Persimmon

• The Fuyu persimmon is a popular variety in New Zealand, known for its non-astringent fruit that can be eaten while still firm. It’s sweet and crisp, making it perfect for fresh eating.

Hachiya Persimmon

• Hachiya persimmons are astringent and need to be fully ripe before consuming. They are soft and jelly-like when ripe, ideal for baking and cooking.

Benefits of Persimmons

Persimmons are not only delicious and versatile fruits but also packed with numerous health benefits. Rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, they support overall wellness and add vibrant flavour to a variety of dishes. Here are some key benefits of including persimmons in your diet:

• High in dietary fibre, aiding digestion and promoting gut health
• Rich source of vitamin C, boosting the immune system
• Contains antioxidants like beta-carotene, which support eye health and reduce inflammation
• Provides potassium, helping to regulate blood pressure
• Low in calories yet nutrient-dense, ideal for weight management
• Supports heart health by reducing bad cholesterol levels
• Contains manganese, important for metabolism and bone health
• Natural sweetness makes them a healthy alternative to sugary snacks

Harvesting and Enjoying Persimmons

Persimmons are typically ready to harvest in autumn when they have developed their full colour and are slightly soft to the touch. Avoid picking them too early, as unripe persimmons can be astringent and unpleasant to eat.

How to Eat a Persimmon

Persimmons can be eaten fresh, dried, or cooked. To enjoy a fresh persimmon, simply wash it and cut it into slices. The skin is edible, but you can peel it if you prefer. Dried persimmons make a sweet snack, while cooked persimmons add flavour to desserts and baked goods.

How to Water and Fertilise Persimmon Trees

Growing Persimmon trees requires regular care and attention with correct watering and fertiliser applications important for good yields.

Watering

• Young persimmon trees need regular watering, especially during the first few years. Water deeply once a week, providing enough moisture to reach the root zone. Mature trees are more drought-tolerant but still benefit from occasional deep watering during dry spells.

Fertilizing

• Fertilize persimmon trees in early spring with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, as these can promote excessive leaf growth at the expense of fruit development. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates.

Pest and Disease Management for Persimmon Trees

Effective pest and disease management is vital to keep Persimmon trees healthy and productive. Regular monitoring and timely action can prevent infestations and infections from spreading. Here are key strategies for managing pests and diseases in persimmons:

• Inspect trees frequently for signs of pests like scale insects, aphids, and caterpillars.
• Use insecticides or horticultural oils to control insects.
• Remove fallen leaves and fruit to reduce fungal disease sources around the tree.
• Watch for symptoms of fungal diseases such as leaf spot or powdery mildew and treat promptly with appropriate fungicides.
• Promote good air circulation through proper pruning to minimise fungal infections.
• Encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs that prey on harmful pests.
• Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot and other moisture-related diseases.

Planting Persimmon Trees in New Zealand

When planting persimmon trees in New Zealand, location is key. They prefer full sun and well-draining soil. Avoid areas with heavy clay soils or waterlogged conditions, as these can hinder root growth and lead to root rot issues.

• Before planting, prepare the soil by enriching it with organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure. This will improve both soil fertility and soil health, which will aid growth of the tree.
• Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the tree's root ball.
• Place the tree in the hole, ensuring the graft union (swelling on the trunk) is above soil level.
• Backfill the hole with soil, gently firming it around the base of the tree.
• Water thoroughly to eliminate air pockets and encourage root establishment.
• Stake the tree to provide additional support and this will help produce a better tree overall.
• NB: Do not put any fertiliser in the hole at planting. Rather, spread fruit tree fertiliser across the soil surface after planting and again each spring.

Pruning Persimmon Trees

Pruning Persimmon trees is essential to maintain their health, improve fruit quality, and encourage strong growth. Proper pruning helps open the canopy for better air circulation and sunlight penetration, which reduces disease risk and supports fruit development. Here are the key steps and tips for pruning persimmon trees:

• Prune during late winter or early spring before new growth starts.
• Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches to improve tree structure.
• Thin out crowded areas to allow light and air to reach all parts of the tree.
• Cut back vigorous and dominant shoots (generally the upright ones) to encourage more balanced growth and better fruiting.
• Avoid heavy pruning as persimmons produce fruit on older wood.
• Use clean, sharp tools to make clean cuts and reduce infection risk. Any large cuts should be painted with pruning paint.
• Regularly remove suckers growing from the base of the tree
• Shape the tree to maintain an open, vase-like canopy for easier harvesting. This structure also allows for better light penetration to the centre of the tree.