How to Grow Blueberries Successfully in New Zealand: Tips and Best Practices

Growing Blueberries In NZ

Growing blueberries in New Zealand is rewarding with the right care. These delicious berries thrive in acidic, well-drained soils and full sun. Choosing suitable varieties and providing proper watering, pruning, and fertilising ensures healthy plants and bountiful harvests. Whether for home gardens or orchards, understanding local conditions helps you grow blueberries successfully across NZ. Let’s dive into the essential tips and best practices for growing blueberries in New Zealand.

Understanding Blueberry Soil Requirements

The foundation of growing healthy blueberries starts with the soil. Blueberries thrive in acidic, well-drained soils. The ideal pH level for blueberry soil is between 4.5 and 5.5. To achieve this, consider using peat moss, pine bark, or [sulphur to acidify your soil if necessary. Regularly test your soil's pH to ensure it remains within the optimal range. Additionally, blueberries prefer soils that are rich in organic matter. Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil before planting. This not only improves soil texture but also provides essential nutrients to the plants.

Selecting the Right Blueberry Varieties for NZ

Choosing the right blueberry variety is crucial for success. Some popular varieties suitable for New Zealand include:

Northern Highbush:

These varieties are ideal for cooler climates and produces large, sweet berries. Popular choices include:

• Blueberry Bluecrop: Known for its large, firm berries and reliable yields; it’s one of the most widely planted varieties.
• Duke: Early-season variety producing large, flavorful berries; valued for its frost tolerance.
• Blueberry Elliott: Late-season variety with excellent storage life and good flavour; often used to extend the harvest season.
• Chandler: Produces large, sweet berries with excellent flavour; a mid- to late-season variety.
• Spartan: Mid-season variety with firm berries and good disease resistance.

Southern Highbush:

These varieties are better suited for warmer areas and offers an extended harvest period. Popular choices include:

• Blueberry Legacy: Known for its large, sweet berries and high yields, Legacy is a favourite for home gardeners and commercial growers alike.
• Blueberry Sunshine Blue: An early-ripening variety with sweet flavour and compact growth, ideal for smaller gardens.
• Emerald: Valued for its firm berries and excellent shelf life, making it popular with commercial producers.
• Jewel: Produces large, glossy berries with good flavour and is well-suited to NZ’s climate.
• Blueberry O'Neal: Early harvest variety with sweet, mild-tasting berries and good disease resistance.

Rabbit Eye:

These varieties are known for its drought tolerance and late fruiting season. Popular choices include:

• Blueberry Tifblue: Known for its high yield, firm berries, and late-season harvest.
• Blueberry Legacy: Produces large, sweet berries with excellent flavour, harvested late in the season.
• Blueberry Brightwell: An early-ripening variety with abundant crops and sweet taste.
• Blueberry Sapphire Blue: Valued for its firm, flavorful berries and consistent yields.
• Blueberry Sapphire Blue: Compact growth habit, early harvest, and sweet berries ideal for smaller gardens.

When selecting a variety, the key thing is to consider your local climate as this will greatly influence how well the plants perform.

Planting Tips for Blueberries

Timing is key when planting blueberries. The best time to plant is anytime from late autumn until mid-spring. This allows the plants to establish roots before the growing season begins along with the heat of summer.

Blueberry Planting Tips

• Space plants about 1.5 metres apart to allow for adequate air circulation and growth.
• Plant blueberries at the same depth they were growing in their nursery containers.
• Apply a layer of mulch around the base of each plant to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain soil acidity.
• Do not put any fertiliser in the hole at planting. Rather, spread fertiliser for acid loving plants across the soil surface once planting is complete.

Care Guide for Blueberry Plants

Once your blueberries are in the ground, proper care will ensure a bountiful harvest.

Watering

Blueberries require consistent watering, particularly during dry spells. Aim to provide about 2.5 to 5 cm of water per week. Drip irrigation is an effective method to ensure deep watering without wetting the foliage, which can lead to disease.

Fertilising

Use a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants such as The Plant Company’s fertiliser for acid loving plants. Apply it in early spring and again after harvest. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as this can damage the plants.

Pruning Advice

Pruning is essential to maintain plant health and productivity. Remove dead or diseased wood and thin out older canes to encourage new growth. The best time to prune is late winter when the plants are dormant. You don’t need to be too aggressive with pruning; it is more about opening up the plants so light can reach the centre rather than cutting them back harshly.

Blueberry Flowering and Pollination

Blueberries produce bell-shaped flowers in early spring, which are essential for fruit development. Successful flowering depends on healthy plants and suitable weather conditions.

• Most varieties benefit from cross-pollination, that is, pollen transfer between different cultivars. This will improve fruit size, yield, and quality. Bees, especially native and honeybees, are the primary pollinators, so encouraging pollinator activity in your garden is important.
• For optimal fruit set, plant at least two compatible blueberry varieties close together. Rabbiteye types like Tifblue and Legacy cross-pollinate well, while highbush varieties often need other highbush cultivars nearby. Proper pollination enhances berry size and overall harvest, making it a key factor in successful blueberry growing in New Zealand.
• The Plant Company recommends planting at least two different varieties close by not only for cross-pollination purposes, but also to increase the length of the fruiting window.

Managing Pests and Diseases in NZ

Pest control is a vital part of growing blueberries. Common pests include:

• Birds: Netting can prevent birds from feasting on your berries.
• Insects: Aphids and caterpillars can be controlled with an appropriate insecticide or neem oil.
• Diseases: Regularly inspect plants for signs of fungal infections like powdery mildew or root rot. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to reduce disease risk.

The Nutrition Benefits of Blueberries

Blueberries are often dubbed a "superfood" due to their rich nutritional profile. They're packed with antioxidants, vitamins C and K, and dietary fibre. Regular consumption can aid in reducing the risk of heart disease, improving brain function, and maintaining healthy skin.

Timing Your Blueberry Harvest

Blueberry harvest timing is crucial for maximum flavour and shelf-life. In New Zealand, the harvest season typically runs from December to April. Berries are ready to pick when they are fully blue, with no reddish tinge, and come off easily without tugging.

Blueberry FAQ’s

What month is best to plant blueberry bushes?

The optimal time to plant blueberries is anytime during autumn, winter, and spring. This is when the soil is still cool and moist, which will help the roots to establish themselves before the heat of summer arrives. You can still plant them in summer as long as they can be watered regularly.

Which blueberry plant is easiest to grow?

The easiest blueberry plant to grow is the southern highbush blueberry. They are well-suited to a wide range of climates, are relatively low-maintenance, and produce large, sweet berries. Some popular southern highbush blueberry varieties include:

• Blueberry O'Neal
• Blueberry Brightwell
• Blueberry Tifblue
• Blueberry Powder Blue

Do you need three blueberry plants?

You do not need three blueberry plants, but it is recommended to plant at least two different varieties to ensure good fruit production. Blueberries are self-pollinating, but they produce more fruit when cross-pollinated by another variety. Also, by planting more than one variety you will extend your fruiting season.

Where is the best place to plant blueberries?

The best place to plant blueberries is in a sunny spot with well-drained soil. Choose a spot that gets at least six hours of sunlight per day. They prefer acidic soil, so you may need to include peat moss, compost, or acid fertiliser into the soil during planting. Make sure the site is protected from wind as this can not only break stems but also reduce the yield.

Where are Blueberries native to?

Blueberries are native to North America. They are found in the wild from Mexico all the way up to the Arctic plains. The most common types of blueberries in North America are highbush blueberries and lowbush blueberries. Highbush blueberries are the larger, more cultivated variety, while lowbush blueberries are the smaller, wild variety.

How many blueberries do you get from one plant?

The number of blueberries you get from one plant can vary depending on the variety of blueberry plant, the age of the plant, the growing conditions, and the climate. However, on average, a highbush blueberry plant can produce 2 to 4 kilograms per year. A lowbush blueberry plant can produce 0.5 to 1 kilogram.

What is the difference between a highbush blueberry and a lowbush?

Key differences between Highbush and Lowbush Blueberry plants are:

• Size: Highbush blueberries are significantly taller and wider than lowbush blueberries.
• Chilling requirement: Highbush blueberries require more chilling hours (cold winter temperatures) than lowbush blueberries. This means they are better suited to colder climates.
• Fruit size: Highbush blueberries are larger than lowbush blueberries.
• Flavour: Highbush blueberries have a milder, sweeter flavour than lowbush blueberries, which have a more tart, sweet flavour.
• Yield: Highbush blueberries generally produce higher yields than lowbush blueberries.
• Cultivation: Highbush blueberries are widely cultivated for commercial production, while lowbush blueberries are primarily wild-harvested.

What is the fastest growing blueberry plant?

The fastest-growing blueberry variety is the Reka Blueberry. It is a vigorous, fast-growing variety that adapts well to a wide range of Northern climates and soil types. It can reach a height of 2-3 metres and the same a width. Blueberries from this variety are large, sweet, and of heavy yield. The plants are also relatively disease resistant.

Some other fast-growing blueberry varieties include:

• Blueberry Brightwell: This variety is known for its large, flavourful berries and heavy yield. It is also relatively disease resistant.
• Blueberry Blueray: This variety is known for its early ripening and heavy yield. It is also relatively disease resistant.
• Blueberry Sunshine Blue: This variety is known for its excellent flavour and long ripening season. It is also relatively disease resistant.

Please note that the fastest-growing blueberry plant for you will depend on your specific climate and growing conditions.

What is the best fertiliser for blueberries in NZ?

The best fertilizer is The Plant Company’s fertiliser for acid loving plants. It has been specifically formulated to feed the plants continuously with everything need and without being wasteful to the environment or of your money!

Do blueberries need frost protection in NZ?

While blueberries are generally considered to be cold-hardy plants, they can be damaged by frost, especially during the flowering and fruiting stages. This is because frost can damage the delicate blossoms and young fruits, reducing the yield of berries. Young plants can also be vulnerable to frost. The Plant Company recommends using frost cloth or a putting a blanket over plants if you are at all worried.

How do you make soil acidic for blueberries NZ?

Blueberries thrive in acidic soil with a pH between 4.5 and 5.5. If your soil is alkaline or neutral, you can lower the pH by adding fertiliser for acid loving plants. This will achieve the desired outcome faster than most other means.

Are coffee grounds good for blueberries?

Coffee grounds can be beneficial for blueberries in several ways:

• Soil Acidifying: Coffee grounds are slightly acidic, with a pH between 5.0 and 6.0. This makes them a suitable addition to soil for acid-loving plants like blueberries, which prefer a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5.
• Improving Soil Structure: Coffee grounds have a porous structure that can enhance soil aeration and water drainage. This is particularly beneficial for blueberries, which require well-drained soil to prevent root rot and promote healthy root development.
• Providing Nutrients: Coffee grounds contain small amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, essential nutrients for plant growth. While not a substitute for regular fertilizer, coffee grounds can contribute to nutrient availability in the soil.
• Attracting Worms: Coffee grounds can feed the soil biology, which helps to improve soil structure, aeration, and nutrient cycling.
• Repelling Pests: Some studies suggest that coffee grounds may repel certain pests, such as slugs and snails, which can damage blueberry plants. However, more research is needed to confirm this effect.

What is good to put around blueberry bushes?

There are several beneficial materials you can place around blueberry bushes to enhance their growth and protect them from potential harm:

• Mulch: Organic mulches like shredded bark, wood chips, or compost help suppress weeds, conserve moisture, regulate soil temperature, and improve soil structure. Apply a layer of mulch around blueberry bushes, leaving a few inches of space between the mulch and the plant stem to prevent moisture buildup against the stem.
• Acidifying Amendments: Blueberries thrive in acidic soil with a pH between 4.5 and 5.5. If your soil is alkaline or neutral, incorporate acidic amendments like elemental sulfur based fertiliser.
• Coffee Grounds: Coffee grounds offer multiple benefits for blueberries, including soil acidification, improved soil structure, nutrient enhancement, and potential pest repellent properties. Apply coffee grounds directly to the soil around blueberry plants, mixing them gently into the top few cm.
• Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation is an efficient and water-saving method for watering blueberry plants.
• Protective Netting: If birds are a problem in your area, consider installing protective netting around your blueberry bushes to prevent them from damaging the berries.
• Winter Protection (Cold Climates): In colder climates, blueberry bushes may require winter protection to withstand harsh temperatures. Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants and consider using frost cloth.

Blueberry companion plants

Avoiding certain plants near blueberries is crucial for their optimal growth and health. Here are some plants that should not be planted alongside blueberries:

• Plants such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, and potatoes, have different soil pH requirements than blueberries. They prefer alkaline or neutral soil conditions, while blueberries thrive in acidic soil. Planting these plants together can create an imbalance in soil pH, hindering the growth of one of the other.
• Other Acid-Intolerant Plants: Avoid planting acid-intolerant plants, such as beans, asparagus, and corn, near blueberries. These plants prefer alkaline or neutral soil conditions and may not grow well in the acidic environment that blueberries require.

What are some unique facts about blueberries?

Blueberries are not only delicious and nutritious, but they also boast some fascinating facts that make them truly unique:

• Blueberries are packed with antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins, which give them their distinctive blue colour. These antioxidants are known to protect cells from damage, reduce inflammation, and potentially lower the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer.
• Studies have shown that blueberries can enhance cognitive function, improve memory, and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Their high concentration of antioxidants and flavonoids may contribute to these benefits.
• Blueberries are incredibly versatile ingredients, adding a burst of sweetness and tartness to various dishes. They can be enjoyed fresh, frozen, or cooked into pies, muffins, jams, smoothies, and yogurt parfaits.
• Blueberries have a long and rich history, with fossil records dating back to over 18 million years ago. They were once considered a sacred food by Native American tribes, who used them for medicinal and culinary purposes.
• Blueberries are cultivated worldwide, with the United States, Canada, Chile, Argentina, and Poland being major producers. They are a popular choice among consumers for their flavour, health benefits, and convenience.
• Blueberries are a rich source of nutrients, including vitamin C, vitamin K, manganese, fibre, and potassium. They are low in calories and fat, making them a healthy snack or addition to meals.
• Blueberries have been associated with various symbols and folklore throughout history. They represent wisdom, protection, and good luck in some cultures, and their blue colour often symbolizes tranquillity and peace.
• Blueberries are relatively easy to cultivate with minimal environmental impact. They require less fertilizer and pesticide use compared to other fruit crops, making them a more sustainable choice.
• Blueberries contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These compounds are believed to contribute to the berries' many health benefits.
• Blueberries offer a unique sensory experience, with their plump texture, sweet-tart flavour, and refreshing aroma. They are a true delight for the taste buds and a reminder of nature's bounty.

What are the top 3 benefits of blueberries?

Blueberries are known for their numerous health benefits, but here are the top three:

• Rich in Antioxidants: Blueberries are a powerhouse of antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins, which give them their distinctive blue colour. These antioxidants help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
• Cognitive Enhancement: Studies have shown that blueberries can enhance cognitive function, improve memory, and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Their high concentration of antioxidants and flavonoids may contribute to these benefits by protecting brain cells from damage and enhancing blood flow to the brain.
• Promotes Urinary Tract Health: Blueberries contain compounds that can help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). These compounds, such as proanthocyanidins, can prevent bacteria from adhering to the walls of the urinary tract, making it more difficult for infections to develop.