Fig Tree Growing Guide For New Zealand Gardens

Fig Tree Varieties

Choosing a Fig tree that works for you can be challenging given the sheer number that are available. Working through the varieties, and so on, can take considerable time. The Plant Company’s series of short articles aims to offer concise and easy to follow advice and recommendations so you can determine the variety for your needs.

African Wild Fig Tree

The African wild fig tree (Ficus verruculosa), also known as the strangler fig or sandpaper fig is a large tree native to sub-Saharan Africa. It's known for its impressive size, aerial roots, and its role in the ecosystem.

• It can grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and even wider, with a massive trunk and a sprawling canopy.
• This fig is famous for its strangler habit. It starts life as an epiphyte, germinating on the branches of a host tree. As it grows, it sends down aerial roots that encircle and eventually strangle the host tree. The dead host tree decomposes within the fig's structure, leaving a hollow trunk.
• The leaves are large, glossy green, with a rough sandpapery texture, hence the nickname "sandpaper fig."
• It produces small, green figs that are not considered palatable to humans but are eaten by birds and animals.
• It is found in moist savannas, woodlands, and along riverbanks throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
• The African wild fig tree plays a vital role in the ecosystem. It provides food and shelter for numerous animals, including birds, monkeys, and bats. The hollow trunks often house animals like owls and hornbills. The large canopy provides shade for smaller plants and animals.

Brown Turkey Fig Tree Information

The 'Brown Turkey' fig tree is a popular variety due to its hardiness, reliability, and delicious fruit. Some of its key characteristics include:

• It is a large, spreading, deciduous tree that grows to 5-10 m (15-30 feet) tall and wide. It has large, lobed leaves that are green in spring and summer, turning yellow in autumn. The fruit is pear-shaped, with brown-purple skin and sweet, red flesh.
• It's one of the most cold-hardy fig varieties, tolerating temperatures down to about -10°C (14°F) for short periods, especially if the roots are well-mulched.
• It needs full sun, ideally at least 6-8 hours per day.
• It prefers a well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 (neutral to slightly acidic), and good levels of fertility.
• Young trees need regular watering as they establish. Once established, they are relatively drought-tolerant, but consistent moisture is necessary during the growing and fruiting seasons to ensure a good crop. Avoid excessive watering as this can lead to root rot.
• It produces two crops of fruit per year in many climates. The first breba crop forms on the previous year's growth in spring or early summer. The main crop matures on the current year's growth in late summer or autumn.
• It is self-fertile, so doesn't require another fig tree to produce fruit.
• The figs ripen in early autumn. Look for figs that are slightly soft to the touch and have begun to develop a deeper colouring.
• Brown Turkey figs are excellent for eating fresh, dried, or preserved. They can also be used in jams, jellies, and pies.

Overall, the 'Brown Turkey' fig tree is a versatile and rewarding variety that's well-suited for both novice and experienced gardeners. With its ease of care and delicious fruit, it's a great addition to any edible garden.

Elephant Ear Fig Tree Information

The Elephant Ear Fig Tree (Ficus auriculata) is native to subtropical Asia. It's named for its large, round leaves that resemble elephant ears. Some of its key characteristics include:

• Large, round leaves, often up to 50 cm (20 inches) long and 30 cm (12 inches) wide. The new leaves emerge a deep copper-red colour and mature to a rich green. The base of the leaf stalk (petiole) has two lobes or auricles, which is why it's called the Elephant Ear Fig.
• It produces edible figs that grow in clusters on the trunk, branches, and even the roots. The figs are small to medium in size, green turning to red-purple when ripe, and have a sweet, slightly tart flavour.
• It can grow up to 10-12 metres (33-40 feet) tall with numerous bristle-covered branches and a wide-spreading canopy.
• It prefers warm and humid climates.
• The fruit is eaten fresh, dried, or used in jams and jellies. The large leaves are traditionally used as plates in some cultures. The tree also provides valuable shade and can be grown as an ornamental specimen.

Overall, the Elephant Ear Fig Tree is a fascinating and versatile plant with beautiful foliage, edible fruit, and cultural significance.

Moreton Bay Fig Tree Information

The Moreton Bay Fig Tree (Ficus macrophylla) is a giant among its kind, known for its impressive size and unique growth habit. Some of its key characteristics include:

• It originates from the eastern coast of Australia, specifically from the Wide Bay-Burnett region in central Queensland to the Shoalhaven River on the New South Wales south coast.
• They can grow incredibly tall, reaching heights of up to 60 metres (200 feet). The trunk can also be massive, with thick, prominent buttressing roots that extend outward for several metres. These buttress roots help support the immense weight of the tree's sprawling canopy.
• Moreton Bay Figs are what's known as banyan trees. They start as epiphytes, germinating on other trees or structures. As they mature, they send down aerial roots that grow towards the ground. These roots eventually thicken into trunks themselves, creating a network of support columns and a characteristic open, spreading canopy.
• It thrives in subtropical, warm temperate, and dry rainforest environments. In these areas, they often emerge as towering giants above the surrounding canopy, especially along watercourses on alluvial soils.
• The leaves are large and glossy green, measuring up to 29 cm (11.4 inches) long and 12 cm (4.7 inches) wide.
• Moreton Bay Fig trees can be both beneficial and potentially problematic. They provide valuable habitat for wildlife and create shady areas. However, their aggressive root growth can damage structures and infrastructure if planted too close to buildings. In some areas, they are considered environmental weeds due to their potential to smother native vegetation.
• Nonetheless, they are popular ornamental trees in many parts of the world due to their impressive size and majestic appearance. However, due to their potential for invasiveness, planting them in some areas may be restricted.
• The Moreton Bay Fig Tree holds cultural significance for some Aboriginal Australian communities.

Overall, the Moreton Bay Fig Tree is a fascinating and ecologically significant species. While their immense size and beauty are undeniable, it's important to be aware of their potential impact on the environment before planting one.

Mrs Williams Fig Information

'Mrs Williams' Fig, is a popular variety due to its delicious fruit and vigorous growth habit. Some of its key characteristics include:

• Produces large fruit that have a yellow neck and brown-purple skin. The flesh is red, with an excellent flavour that is sweet and juicy. It has a good level of acidity and a fine texture.
• It usually bears fruit 3-5 years after planting. The main crop ripens late summer to autumn.
• It is a fast-growing, spreading tree that can reach 4-5 metres (13-16 feet) in height and width.
• It needs full sun, ideally at least 6-8 hours per day.
• It prefers a well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 (neutral to slightly acidic), and good levels of fertility.
• Young trees need regular watering as they establish. Once established, they are relatively drought-tolerant, but consistent moisture is necessary during the growing and fruiting seasons to ensure a good crop. Avoid excessive watering as this can lead to root rot.
• It is self-fertile, so doesn't require another fig tree to produce fruit.
• Mrs Williams figs are excellent for eating fresh, dried, or preserved. They can also be used in jams, jellies, and pies.

Overall, 'Mrs Williams' Fig is a great choice for gardeners in New Zealand looking for a productive and delicious variety with an attractive appearance.

What Are The Main Fig Varieties Grown In NZ?

Some of the popular fig varieties grown in New Zealand include:

• 'Brown Turkey': This variety is known for its large, sweet fruits.
• 'French Sugar': This variety is known for its large and sweet, purple fruits.
• 'Brunswick': This variety is known for its sweet, juicy fruit that is purple-green.
• 'Mrs Williams': This variety is known for its black fruits.

If you are looking for a delicious and easy-to-grow fruit tree, figs are a great option for New Zealand gardeners.

What Is The Best Fig Tree Variety NZ?

The best fig tree variety for New Zealand depends on your climate, personal preferences, and the intended use of the fruit. Some popular varieties that are well-suited for New Zealand include:

• 'Brown Turkey': This variety is known for its large, sweet fruits that are good for fresh eating, drying, and preserving.
• 'Brunswick': This variety is known for its large, pear-shaped fruits that are good for fresh eating and preserving.
• 'Vlassoff': This variety is known for its large, sweet fruits that are good for fresh eating and drying.
• 'Ventura': This variety is known for its large, sweet fruits that are good for fresh eating and drying.

What Is The Cathedral Fig Tree?

The Cathedral Fig Tree is a massive 500-year-old strangler fig tree located in Danbulla National Park and State Forest, on the Atherton Tableland in Queensland, Australia. It's a popular tourist destination known for its enormous size and impressive root system.

• The Cathedral Fig Tree is what is known as a strangler fig. That is, it germinated on another tree and eventually enveloped and choked the host tree. The dead host tree decomposed within the fig's structure, leaving a hollow trunk.
• The Cathedral Fig Tree is enormous, with a massive trunk and a sprawling canopy. While its exact height isn't documented, visitors can walk under its expansive branches along an elevated boardwalk.
• The Cathedral Fig Tree has a network of massive buttress roots that radiate outward from the base of the trunk. These roots help support the tree's weight and create a fascinating structure to explore.

The Cathedral Fig Tree is part of the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, recognized for its outstanding natural beauty and biodiversity. If you're ever in the area, visiting the Danbulla National Park and State Forest to see the Cathedral Fig Tree is a must-do.

What Is The Curtain Fig Tree?

The Curtain Fig Tree is a massive strangler fig tree located in Curtain Fig Tree National Park, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia. It's one of the largest trees in Tropical North Queensland and a popular tourist destination.

• It's called a strangler fig because it started life as an epiphyte (i.e., growing on another tree). As it grew, it sent down aerial roots that encircled and eventually strangled the host tree. The dead host tree decomposed within the fig's structure, leaving a hollow trunk.
• The extensive aerial roots of the Curtain Fig Tree gives rise to its name. These roots dropped from the tree and formed a curtain-like structure that reaches down to the forest floor, 15 metres (50 feet) below.
• The Curtain Fig Tree is estimated to be over 500 years old and nearly 50 metres (160 feet) tall, with a trunk circumference of 39 metres (128 feet).
• An elevated boardwalk encircles the fig tree, allowing visitors to explore the tree from all angles and appreciate its size and structure.
• The Curtain Fig Tree National Park protects a small area of an endangered type of forest called mabi forest, the local Aboriginal word for the Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo.

Fig Tree Fertilizer

Providing the best fertilizer for Fig trees is important to ensure they thrive. The correct fertiliser depends on whether the plant is grown in a pot or in soil, and getting this wrong can be disastrous for your plants. Our articles provide the best advice about fertilising Fig trees so you can achieve the amazing results you are after.

What Is The Best Fertiliser For A Fig tree Grown In A Pot?

Fig trees grown in containers require different fertiliser to those grown outdoors in soil. In this instance the correct fertilisers to use are either the container plant fertiliser or fertiliser tablets. Each of these will provide safe, sustained, and complete nutrition to the plant for the next 12-months. Using other types of fertiliser can be detrimental to the plant and may result in plant death.

Foliar feeding using a liquid fertiliser can be undertaken if you have time but this is not essential if container plant fertiliser or fertiliser tablets have been used. If you think the plants need an extra boost or have some yellowing, however, a liquid fertiliser application won’t hurt. A great benefit of foliar feeding is that it helps keep the leaves strong and encourages better fruiting as the nutrition is right where the plant needs it.

What Is The Best Fertiliser For Fig trees?

Fig trees are showy plants that require feeding to keep them flowering and looking amazing. A lot of articles have all sorts of advice on this subject which often requires multiple applications, so you use more of their fertiliser. The Plant Company prefers to take a simpler and more environmentally responsible approach. Our fruit tree fertiliser has been specifically blended and developed to give plants an initial boost and then sustained nutrition for 12 months. This fertiliser ensures that nutrients remain in the soil around the plant rather than being lost through the soil profile to where the plant cannot reach it. This also applies to plants grown on sandy soils.

The Plant Company recommends that fruit tree fertiliser is applied to the soil surface in spring just as the plants start their new growth. The Plant Company also advise that no fertiliser is placed in the hole at planting, but rather spread around the soil surface so it can wash through to the roots as it releases.

Foliar feeding using a liquid fertiliser can be undertaken if you have time but this is not essential if fruit tree fertiliser has been applied. If you think the plants need an extra boost or have some yellowing, however, a liquid fertiliser application won’t hurt. A great benefit of foliar feeding is that it helps keep the leaves strong and encourages better fruiting as the nutrition is right where the plant needs it.

What Is The Best Organic Fertiliser For A Fig tree?

Fig trees are showy plants that require feeding to keep them flowering and looking amazing. A lot of articles have all sorts of advice on this subject which often requires multiple applications so you use more of their fertiliser. The Plant Company prefers to take a simpler and more environmentally responsible approach. A suitable organic option is The Plant Company’s organic fertiliser which is applied in spring and again in autumn and will keep them well fed. You can safely apply generous amounts of this fertiliser to plants without risk of injuring the plants. More details about this fertiliser are provided with the product.

Fig Tree General Information

This series of articles answers many of the frequently asked questions about Fig trees, such as how fast they grow, their hardiness, and more!

Are Fig Trees Poisonous To Dogs?

Yes, fig trees are poisonous to dogs. All parts of the fig tree, including the leaves, branches, bark, and fruit, contain a substance called ficin which is toxic. If your dog ingests any part of a fig tree, they could experience vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, or skin irritation. In severe cases, ficin poisoning can lead to more serious problems. If you suspect your dog has eaten part of a fig tree, it's important to contact your veterinarian immediately.

Can You Eat Figs From A Fig Tree?

Yes, you can eat figs from a fig tree. In fact, many people consider figs straight off the tree to be the best way to enjoy this fruit. The figs should be ripe before you eat them. Ripe figs will be soft to the touch and have a sweet, honey-like smell. Unripe figs will be hard and green, and they won't taste very good. The Plant Company recommends washing the fruit before you eat them in vase there were bird droppings on the skin. You can eat the skin of the fig, but some people prefer to peel it. The skin is a good source of fibre, so you may want to leave it on if you're looking for a boost of fibre in your diet. The seeds in the fig are edible, but they can be a bit crunchy. You can either eat the seeds with the flesh, or spit them out.

Do Fig Trees Attract Wasps

Fig trees do attract wasps, but it's a specific type of wasp with a mutually beneficial relationship. Fig trees rely on a particular wasp species, called fig wasps, for pollination. When a fig is ready, it emits a specific scent that attracts only female wasps of that species. The fig has a tiny opening that the female wasp can squeeze through and enter the fig. Interestingly, she often loses her wings and antennae in the process, but that's okay because she won't need them anymore. Inside the fig, the wasp lays eggs and pollinates the tiny flowers as she moves around. This ensures the development of the fig fruit. The next generation of wasps hatch inside the fig, and they chew their way out, carrying pollen with them to fertilize other fig trees.

It is important to note that over-ripe figs or fallen fruit might attract other wasp species that are just looking for a sugary snack. The best way to avoid these becoming a problem is to pick the fruit and clean up any fallen fruit.

Do Fig Trees Drop Their Leaves?

Fig trees are deciduous trees and drop their leaves during winter. However, fig trees grown in warm climates with mild winters might not lose their leaves or may only experience a partial leaf drop. Therefore, whether they drop their leaves or not depends entirely on the climate where they are grown.

Do Fig Trees Need Full Sun?

Fig trees thrive in full sun. Ideally, they need at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sun per day for optimal growth and fruit production. Sunlight plays a key role in sugar production within the figs. More sunlight translates to sweeter and more flavoursome fruit. It also encourages better flowering and fruit development.

Do I Need A Male And Female Fig Tree?

Most common fig trees are self-fertile, meaning they produce both male and female flowers and don't need another tree for pollination. These are the most common types of fig trees grown for their fruit, and they'll produce plenty of figs even if you only have one tree. However, if you want to maximise the fruiting potential from your tree, The Plant Company recommends adding in a second variety that will cross pollinate and increase the fruiting and yields from both varieties. It will also extend the fruiting season.

Fig Species

Fig is the edible fruit of a species called Ficus carica, a small tree belonging to the flowering plant family Moraceae. It's one of the first cultivated plants and is appreciated for its delicious taste and health benefits. Fig trees are native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia but are now grown commercially in many parts of the world with warm climates.

There are over 800 species in the genus Ficus, but Ficus carica is the only one that produces edible figs. However, there are many cultivars of Ficus carica that differ in size, flavour, skin colour, and ripening times. Some of the most popular fig cultivars include:

• 'Brown Turkey': This is a popular variety known for its hardiness, reliability, and delicious fruit. It's one of the most cold-hardy fig varieties.
• 'Brunswick': A small to medium-sized brown or purple fig that grows on a fairly large tree. It produces dessert-quality fruit.
• 'Adriatic White':This variety has yellow-green fruit with a mild and sweet flavour.

Fig Tree Reference By Sylvia Plath

Sylvia Plath has a famous passage in her novel "The Bell Jar" that uses a fig tree as a powerful metaphor. In the novel, the protagonist, Esther Greenwood, feels paralyzed by indecision and a sense of emptiness. She imagines herself sitting beneath a fig tree laden with ripe figs, representing all the potential paths her life could take. But she's overwhelmed by the choices and can't bring herself to pick one, fearing she'll miss out on all the others. As time passes, the figs begin to spoil and fall to the ground, symbolizing the lost opportunities and the consequences of her inaction.

This passage has become an iconic image in Plath's work. It captures the anxieties and frustrations of feeling stuck and unable to make choices, a theme that resonated deeply with many readers.

How Big Do Fig Trees Get?

Fig trees can grow to be quite large, depending on the variety, climate, and pruning practices. In ideal growing conditions, some varieties can reach 15 metres (50 feet) tall. However, it's more common for mature fig trees to be 3-9 metres (10-30 feet) tall. Dwarf varieties typically reach heights of around 1.5-3 meters (5-10 feet).

How Many Figs Does A Fig Tree Produce?

The number of figs a fig tree produces depends on the age and size of the tree, the variety, the climate, and how much care they receive. A guide for a fig yield based on age is as follows:

• Young Tree (1-2 years old): Few figs, if any.
• Maturing Tree (3-5 years old): 10-30 figs per season
• Mature Tree (5+ years old): Can potentially produce 50-100 figs or even more per season, depending on the variety and care.

Of course, there are a few things influencing these estimates:

• Mature fig trees, typically around 3-5 years old, will produce more figs than younger trees. The larger the tree, the more branches it has for fig production.
• Different fig varieties have varying fruiting potentials. Some are naturally high producers, while others yield fewer figs.
• Fig trees thrive in warm, sunny climates. Places with hot summers and mild winters will generally see a higher yield.
• Proper watering, fertiliser applications, and pruning all contribute to a healthy tree with better fruit production.

Is It Good Luck To Have A Fig Tree?

There's no scientific evidence to suggest having a fig tree brings good luck, but culturally, it can be seen as positive. In some cultures, particularly southern Italy, fig trees are seen as symbols of good luck and protection. People believe planting one near their home wards off evil spirits and brings good fortune. There are also some negative superstitions around fig trees, but these are less common. For instance, some cultures associate them with bad dreams or misfortune.

What Does A Fig Tree Look Like?

Fig trees are attractive plants with interesting features. Some of their identifying characteristics include:

• Fig trees can grow as either single-trunked trees or multi-trunked bushes. They typically range in height from 1-10 m tall, depending on the variety and growing conditions. They tend to have a rounded or spreading canopy and are deciduous.
• The leaves are broad with 3 to 7 lobes. They have a rough texture and a deep green colour.
• The bark of a fig tree is smooth and grey when young, becoming rougher and more fissured with age.
• Fig trees have small, inconspicuous flowers that are borne inside the fruit. You won't even notice them!
• The fruit of the fig tree is what we all know and love! Figs are technically not fruits, but rather fleshy inflorescences, which means they are a collection of multiple flowers that have fused together. They come in a variety of colours, including green, yellow, purple, and black.

What Is A Fig?

A fig is a unique type of fruit that technically isn't a fruit at all! It's borne from a tree called Ficus carica, but the fleshy part we enjoy isn't a single seed-bearing structure like a typical fruit. A fig is a syconium, a fleshy receptacle that houses many tiny flowers inside. Each flower develops into a small, single-seeded fruit (achene) – those tiny crunchy bits you might encounter when eating a fig. The fleshy interior around these achenes is what we typically consider the "fruit" of the fig tree.

There are over 700 named varieties of figs, all belonging to the species Ficus carica. They come in various sizes, colours (from green to deep purple and black), and flavours (ranging from sweet and mild to rich and intense). They are categorized based on their pollination needs:

• Common Figs: These are the most popular varieties and are self-fertile, meaning they don't require another fig tree for pollination to produce fruit. 'Brown Turkey', 'Adriatic White', and 'Mrs Williams' are all examples of common figs.
• Smyrna Figs: These require a specific wasp (Diaphthora ficus) and caprifig trees (wild, non-commercial figs with male flowers) for pollination to produce fruit. Smyrna figs are not very common commercially.
• San Pedro Figs: These are a special type that can develop fruit with or without pollination. The first crop on these trees doesn't need pollination, but the second crop does.

Figs are known for their sweetness with a subtle honey or nutty flavour. They can be enjoyed fresh, dried, or preserved. and baked goods.

What Is Special About A Fig Tree?

Fig trees are special for a number of reasons:

• Unique Anatomy: Unlike most other fruits, fig flowers are actually found on the inside of the fig, and not on the outside. This inversion is because figs are technically not fruits, but rather inverted flowers called syconia.
• Symbiotic Relationship: The tiny flowers inside the fig rely on a specific wasp species for pollination. The female wasp lays her eggs inside the fig, and as she crawls around pollinating the flowers, carrying pollen from one fig to another. The baby wasps then hatch and chew their way out of the fig, and also carry pollen to pollinate other fig trees.
• Ancient History: Fig trees date back 80 million years. They were likely one of the first cultivated fruits, with evidence of their domestication around 9,000 years ago.
• Cultural Significance: Fig trees have played a role in many cultures and religions throughout history. They are a symbol of abundance, fertility, and sweetness in many traditions.

What Is The Myth Of The Fig Tree?

There are a couple of interesting myths about fig trees.

• The Fig Leaf Cover-Up: Probably the most well-known fig myth is from the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam). In the story of Adam and Eve, after they gain knowledge of good and evil, they realize they are naked and use fig leaves to cover themselves.
• The Cradle of Rome: In Roman mythology, the Ficus ruminalis, a wild fig tree, was the spot where the twins Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, were found as babies. The she-wolf who cared for them supposedly found them under the fig tree.

When Do Fig Trees Bloom?

Fig trees have a unique flowering habit compared to other fruit trees. The flowers are tiny, inconspicuous, and are borne inside a structure called a syconium, which looks like a small pear or fig itself. You won't see petals or traditional flower parts. Many fig varieties can flower and fruit two times a year, depending on the climate and variety. The first breba crop forms on the previous year's growth in spring or early summer. The main crop matures on the current year's growth in late summer or autumn.

When Do Fig Trees Produce Fruit?

Most fig varieties start to produce fruit within 2-3 years of planting. However, some varieties may take up to 5 years to start fruiting. The fruit typically ripen in summer, but the exact ripening time will vary depending on the variety and the climate.

When Is The Fig Season In NZ?

The season for Figs is late summer and autumn. However, there can be some variation depending on the weather and the specific variety of fig tree. Some fig varieties produce a small breba crop in late spring on the previous year's growth. The main crop ripens in late summer to autumn on the current year's growth.

Where Do Fig Trees Grow?

Fig trees grow in relatively dry climates with long, hot summers. They are native to Western Asia, but they are now cultivated in many parts of the world, including Mediterranean regions, California, Florida, Australia, and New Zealand. They prefer a well-drained soil and a full sun position that is sheltered from strong winds.

Why Did Jesus Curse A Fig Tree?

There isn't a single, universally agreed upon reason why Jesus cursed the fig tree in the Gospels. The main interpretations are:

• Many scholars see the fig tree as a symbol for the nation of Israel. Fig trees were plentiful in Israel and represented prosperity and a fruitful relationship with God. The barren fig tree, despite its leaves, could represent Israel's failure to live up to God's expectations.
• Another interpretation focuses on the fig tree as a lesson about faith and productivity. Jesus looking for figs even though it wasn't quite the season could be seen as a test. The withering of the tree highlights the importance of bearing good fruit, which translates to good actions and living a faithful life.
• Some view the cursing of the fig tree as a demonstration of Jesus' power over nature. By causing the tree to wither, Jesus asserts his authority as the Son of God.

The story is found in all three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) but with slightly different details. It's important to note that the cursing of the fig tree is seen as a prelude to a larger message about judgement and the importance of following God's will.

Why Is Fig Called The Fruit Of Heaven?

Fig gets the nickname "fruit of heaven" for a couple of reasons, mainly stemming from religious references and its perceived qualities. In the Quran, there's a whole Surah (chapter) called At-Tin, which translates to "The Fig." This Surah starts with an oath by the fig and the olive, signifying their importance. The Hadith (sayings and teachings of Prophet Muhammad) also mentions figs, with the Prophet saying, "If a fruit ever descended from Paradise, I would say that this is it...".

Figs have been cultivated for millennia and were likely one of the first domesticated fruits. Their sweetness, abundance, and unique structure might have led people to associate them with something heavenly or perfect.

Fig Tree Propagation

Propagating Fig Trees is a relatively straightforward process when you have the right advice. Cuttings are generally easily rooted, and our articles give you the best chance of doing this successfully and without wasting time.

Fig Tree Cuttings In Water

Fig tree cuttings can be rooted in water. However, the success rate generally sits around 30-40%. It is important that the water is changed every 2-3 days and does not contain chlorine. Place the cuttings in a warm spot out of direct sunlight.

How To Propagate Fig Trees

Fig trees are propagated from stem cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings are usually taken from autumn until mid-spring. A stem about 8-10 cm long is trimmed into a cutting using secateurs with 2-3 buds at the top and just below a node. Any leaves are usually cut off as they tend to drop off during the rooting process and can add to moisture loss from the cutting. The cutting is dipped in rooting hormone then inserted into propagation growing media. The tray of cuttings is placed under mist with bottom heat also applied. The cuttings will have taken root inside of four weeks as a general rule.

How To Care For A Fig Tree

Caring for Fig trees plants is about making sure the plants are thriving. Our plant care articles provide the necessary details to give you the greatest chance of success. Afterall, there is nothing worse than investing in the plants, putting the effort into planting them, and then having them fail. Therefore, follow our advice and give yourself the best chance of success.

How To Care For A Fig Tree

Caring for a Fig tree is all about knowing what to do in each season. Even though they are low maintenance plants, they will benefit from the attention you provide.

Winter is the perfect time for mulching around your plants. Organic matter such as compost or sheep pellets should be spread liberally around the plants and then overlaid with a mulch. The Plant Company has two very good options for mulch. The first is coco fibre matting which is made from the husks of coconuts. It breaks down to become part of the soil within two years. The second is the black plastic matting which will last 20 years or more. In both instances The Plant Company recommend stones, bark chip, or other similar products be spread over top of the mulch for aesthetic purposes. The Plant Company do not recommend adding fertiliser during winter as this is better applied in spring so less is wasted. However, adding organic matter is quite okay.

Spring is the perfect time for fertilising the plants as they start to bounce into life and flower buds begin to open. The Plant Company has fertilisers which have been specially blended for different plants and in this instance, our fruit tree fertiliser will give them the correct boost and keep them fed for 12-months. A suitable alternative is organic fertiliser which will also keep them well fed but it will require a secondary application in autumn.

Summer is when the plants need regular watering and this should be undertaken daily on the hottest days. Plants that are establishing need particular attention as their root system will not have penetrated deep enough to secure consistent moisture yet. The Plant Company recommends a deep watering and then allow the plants to dry out for 2-3 days (or more) before the next watering.

Caring for Fig tree in autumn is all about finishing any trimming and keeping the plants healthy. Foliar feeding using a liquid fertiliser can be undertaken during spring, summer, and autumn if you have time but this is not essential if solid fertiliser and/or good amounts of organic matter have already been applied. If you think the plants need an extra boost or have some yellowing, however, a liquid fertiliser won’t hurt.

Winter is the time to undertake any pruning. The goal of is to ensure the trees are open for good air-flow and light penetration. Winter is also when dead leaves and any spent fruit should be cleaned up to reduce the chances of disease.

Check plants for any pest or disease issues during spring, summer, and autumn. If anything is looking a little bit unusual at any time of year, refer to our section on dealing with issues for a solution.

Why Won't My Figs Turn Purple?

There are several reasons why your figs might not be turning purple, even though they should. Here are some possibilities:

• Variety: Not all fig varieties turn purple. Some ripen to brown, green, yellow, or even black. Check the specific variety of your fig tree to see what colour it's supposed to be when ripe.
• Ripeness: Perhaps your figs simply aren't ripe yet. They might still be green, but they'll eventually turn purple when they're ready. Look for signs of ripeness like softness, a sweet smell, and a slight give when pressed.
• Stress: Fig trees are sensitive to stress, which can affect fruit development and ripening:
  • Insufficient water, especially during hot weather, can prevent figs from ripening properly.
  • Nutrient deficiency can also hinder ripening. Consider feeding your tree with Fruiting Plant Fertiliser in spring.
  • Figs need plenty of sunlight to ripen properly. If your tree is in a shady spot, the fruit may not ripen.
  • Pest or disease infestations can divert the tree's energy away from ripening fruit. Inspect your fig tree for signs of pests and diseases and treat them accordingly.
• Other factors: Cold temperatures, especially late in the season, can also slow down or prevent ripening.

How To Grow A Fig Tree

Growing a Fig tree well is generally easy when you get a few of the basics right. This involves planting them in the right soil type, choosing the most ideal planting position, and ensuring the plants have the essentials to thrive. The Plant Company has the right advice in these series of articles to give you the greatest chance of success when growing a Fig Tree.

Can You Grow Figs In NZ?

Figs grow well in New Zealand. They are a subtropical fruit tree that thrives in warm, sunny climates. They are well-suited to Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, and Gisborne.

How To Plant A Fig Tree

Choose a full sun position with good drainage and moderate shelter for your Fig Tree. The hole should be dug to at least 50-75% deeper and wider than the container the plant is currently growing in. A good planting spade makes this job a lot easier. The Plant Company recommends incorporating compost or sheep pellets into the soil to provide additional organic material, but this is not essential. Do not put fertiliser in the bottom of the hole, rather spread that on the soil surface after planting, and preferably do this when the plant is actively growing in spring.

Remove the plant from the container it is growing in by either pulling it free or by cutting the bag. We recommend cutting the bag, especially for larger grade plants, to minimise any chance of damaging the roots. The Plant Company does not advise cutting through roots, even if the plant is rootbound, as that injures the plant. Our article, Managing Rootbound Plants explains this in more detail.

Now place the plant in the hole and make sure it is level with the soil surface before filling in around it. If it is sitting above the soil surface, dig more out. If it is below, put in more soil and retest the level. Once the plant is set level with the soil surface, add more soil gradually and firm it around the plant using gentle pressure from your fingers as you go. Scatter Fruit Tree Fertiliser across the soil surface after planting and the give the plant a good watering. If the plant is taller than 30 cm you might want to consider staking it to give it a bit of extra support and use tree ties for secure and appropriate holding.

What Is Needed With Fig Tree Soil Preparation?

Fig trees are not overly fussy about the soil type, but good preparation will help them thrive and produce great yields:

• Drainage is the most crucial factor. Fig trees do not like sodden soils or being wet for any length of time. Our article, Remedies For A Poorly Drained Soil, offer some guidance on this subject.
• While fig trees can tolerate somewhat poor soil, enriching it will benefit their growth and fruit production. Mixing generous amounts of compost into the soil will provide nutrients and improve moisture retention.
• Don’t add any fruit tree fertiliser to the soil during preparation, this is saved for after planting.
• Fig trees prefer a slightly acidic soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. However, they can tolerate a wider range (5.5 to 7.5). If your soil pH is significantly outside this range, you might need to add amendments like lime to raise the pH or sulphur to lower it. A soil test will reveal your exact pH level.

What Is The Best Month To Plant Figs?

The best month to plant figs is any time from autumn until early spring. This will give the plant a chance to establish itself before the heat of summer arrives. You can plant in summer also provided particular attention is paid to watering.

What Is The Best Soil For Fig Trees In Pots?

Only potting mix should be used when Fig trees are grown in a container. Often people will try and cut corners and use soil or mixes that contain both soil and potting mix with poor results. The same applies to when plants are potted up with compost as it holds too much moisture. Soil also contains weeds and tends to become compacted in a container, hence why it is not used in this manner. The Plant Company has nursery grade potting media which is pre-loaded with the correct amounts of fertiliser and micro-nutrients to keep the plant sustained with nutrition and actively growing for the next 12-months. After 12-months, simply add a couple fertiliser tablets to keep the plant fed for the next 12-months.

Where To Plant A Fig Tree

The best place to plant your fig tree depends on your location and climate, but here are some of their preferences to help you determine the optimum site:

• Fig trees need a lot of sun, ideally at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
• They need protection from strong winds.
• Well-drained soil is crucial as they don't tolerate sodden soils.
• Some fig varieties require a period of cool temperatures in winter to fruit well. Check the specific needs of your chosen variety.

Pruning Fig Trees

The Plant Company have produced this series of articles to provide advice for pruning Fig trees so you can manicure your plants with confidence and success.

How Do You Prune A Fig Tree?

Pruning your fig tree properly will encourage better fruit production and a tidier tree that is more manageable. Start by removing crowded, weak, or dead branches to improve air circulation and allow light to reach the interior of the tree. Cut back overly long branches to a bud or side shoot. Doing this will promote branching and increase the fruiting potential of the tree. Such branches are usually cut back by about a third to half. Finally, shape the tree so it looks balanced around the trunk and is tidy. As a general guide, you should be able to throw a tennis ball through the tree after pruning!

On younger trees that have a single leader, you may want to take the top out of the leader. Doing this will encourage the lower branches to grow and become stronger. This is a great way of keeping the trees shorter overall which makes picking the fruit easier.

How To Trim A Fig Tree

Trimming a fig tree is about shaping regularly rather than pruning to open the tree up. Our earlier article explains how to prune a fig tree if that is the goal. The first element to trimming is to remove the branches from the trunk to the height you want the main branches to start from. We call this ‘standardising the tree’ and the goal is to create a trunk that is about 1 m or more in height to the ground that is free of branches. A standardised tree is more aesthetic than a non-standardised one but can take a year or two to achieve. Be sure to remove no more than one-third of the overall vegetation as you trim the trunk to the desired height. Next, aim to trim the exterior branches so the tree is balanced around the trunk and well-shaped. This often involves standing back and viewing it from a few angles as trimming is undertaken. Again, the rule is to remove no more than one-third of the overall vegetation.

Light trimming can be undertaken during any season. However, where more aggressive cuts are made, The Plant Company recommends this is done during winter.

When To Prune Fig Trees?

The best time to prune a fig tree is in late winter or early spring, just before new growth begins. This allows the tree to heal quickly and does not waste the plants efforts for producing fruit. Avoid pruning during freezing temperatures or when heavy frosts are expected. You can prune during summer but this will likely be at the expense of yield as branches bearing fruit are likely to be removed in the process.