How to Grow and Care for Bay Laurel Trees (Laurus nobilis) in New Zealand

Bay Laurel Trees In NZ

Bay laurel trees are evergreen and can grow into large shrubs or small trees, depending on the conditions and care they receive. They are native to the Mediterranean region but have found a second home in New Zealand's climate.

Are Bay Laurel Berries Edible?

While the leaves of the Bay Laurel tree (Laurus nobilis) are widely used as a culinary herb, the berries are generally considered to be mildly toxic if ingested in large quantities by humans and pets. The berries contain compounds that can cause gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting and diarrhea if eaten. Some sources suggest that larger ingestions could lead to more severe symptoms, although this is less common. Some historical sources and herbal medicine traditions mention the use of dried bay laurel berries as a spice in small amounts or for medicinal purposes (e.g., for digestive issues or as an anti-inflammatory). However, these uses are not as common or well-documented as the use of the leaves. The essential oil extracted from bay laurel berries is sometimes used externally, for example, as an insect repellent. However, it should always be diluted and used with caution, and it's not meant for ingestion. Due to the potential for toxicity, it is generally advised not to eat bay laurel berries. Keep them out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion occurs and symptoms develop, seeking medical or veterinary advice is recommended.

Bay Laurel Tree Flowers

The Bay Laurel tree (Laurus nobilis) produces small and typically pale yellow-green or cream yellow flowers. They are about 1 cm in diameter and grow in clusters or pairs beside the leaves along the stems. The flowers usually appear in late winter to spring. The Bay Laurel tree is dioecious, which means that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. Male flowers are typically more noticeable due to their prominent yellow stamens. Female flowers are white or yellow and, if fertilized, will develop into berries. The flowers are generally described as having a mild, sweet scent, though they are not as strongly fragrant as some other flowering trees. After successful pollination of the female flowers, they develop into small, oval berries that are initially green and mature to a purple-black colour in the late summer or autumn.

Characteristics of Bay Laurel

Bay Laurel trees can grow up to 12 metres tall but are often pruned to a manageable size. Their glossy, dark green leaves are the most distinct feature, exuding a pleasant fragrance that is both earthy and sweet. This aroma is due to the essential oils in the leaves, which are highly prized in cooking. The trees also produce small yellow flowers in the spring, followed by dark purple berries in the autumn. While the berries are not commonly used, they add an interesting aesthetic to the tree.

Culinary Uses of Bay Laurel

Bay leaves, harvested from the bay laurel tree, are a staple in many culinary traditions. They add depth and flavour to a variety of dishes. They are often used in soups, stews, and sauces where they are typically added whole to the dish and removed before serving. The leaves impart a subtle, aromatic flavour that enhances the overall taste of the dish.

Preserving Bay Leaves

• To dry bay leaves, pick mature leaves and spread them out in a single layer in a warm, dry place. Once dry, store them in an airtight container away from direct sunlight.
• Alternatively, bay leaves can be frozen to retain their flavour. Place fresh leaves in a ziplock bag and store them in the freezer.

How to Grow Bay Laurel Trees

New Zealand's mild climate is conducive to growing bay laurel trees. They thrive in areas that mimic their Mediterranean origins, preferring well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight. However, they can tolerate partial shade, making them adaptable to various garden settings.

Proper planting and care are crucial for the healthy growth of bay laurel trees. Here's how you can ensure your bay laurel tree thrives in your garden:

• Choose a sunny spot with well-drained soil.
• If planting multiple trees, space them at least 3 metres apart to allow for adequate air circulation and growth.
• The best time to plant Bay Laurels is any time during autumn, winter, and spring to give them time to establish before summer.
• Bay laurel trees require regular watering, especially during dry spells. Ensure the soil is moist but not waterlogged.
• Use tree fertiliser in spring to encourage healthy growth. An annual application is usually sufficient.
• Regular pruning helps maintain the desired shape and size of the tree. Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the tree.
• Bay laurel trees are relatively pest-resistant but keep an eye out for scale insects and powdery mildew. Treat infestations promptly with appropriate pesticides or natural remedies.

Ornamental Uses For Bay Laurel Trees

Aside from their culinary value, Bay Laurel trees are prized for their ornamental qualities. They can be shaped into topiaries or trimmed into hedges. Further, they make excellent focal points or an amazing backdrop for smaller plants. Their dense foliage provides a lush, green backdrop that contrasts beautifully with flowering plants and shrubs. Additionally, their ability to be pruned into various shapes makes them a popular choice for formal gardens or for growing in pots to border an entrance.

What Height Do Bay Laurel Trees Grow To?

The height a Bay Laurel tree (Laurus nobilis) can reach varies depending on several factors, including climate, growing conditions, and whether it is pruned. They can grow to a height of 7-12 metres and in ideal conditions and with age, they can reach heights of 18 metres. However, they are generally kept to smaller sizes when used for hedging or topiary. It's common to see them maintained at heights of 1-5 metres for these purposes.

Where To Buy Bay Laurel Trees

The Plant Company has the best Bay Laurel trees to buy in NZ. Our production nursery specialises in growing amazing plants and our logistics team pack them carefully for our customers. The pricing is competitive and the quality is exceptional. Let us look after your tree and plant needs and impress you with both our products and service!